Backup (copy) a directory and its sub-directories updating with newer dates only:
	NOTE: NORMALLY DO THIS AT USER-LEVEL, NOT ROOT. If you use ROOT, it will copy with ROOT ownership !!!
	RECOMMENDED: To copy everything updated from HDD to memory stick:
		NEVER DELETING FROM BACKUP:
			cd "/home/kev/Desktop/kevspace/WebDev/D6"
			cp -urv . "/media/AWESOME 2GB/D6backup"
		OR TO REPLACE BACKUP:
			cd "/media/AWESOME 2GB"
			rm D6backup
			cp -urv "/home/kev/Desktop/kevcopy/WebDev/D6" .
			mv D6 D6backup
	NOT RECOMMENDED UNLESS BEEN DEVELOPING ON MEMORY STICK:
		To copy everything from memory stick to HDD:
			cd "/home/kev/Desktop/kevcopy/WebDev"
			cp -u -r -v "/media/AWESOME 2GB/D6" .
		To copy "dev" directory from memory stick to hard drive, creating or adding to new "dev" directory:
			cd "/home/kev/Desktop/kevcopy/WebDev/D6"
			cp -u -r -v "/media/AWESOME 2GB/D6/dev" .
		To copy reference sub-directory from memory stick to HDD:
			cp -u -r -v 	*.xml "/home/kev/Desktop/kevcopy/WebDev/D6/dev/guide/reference"
		To copy "db" directory from memory stick to HDD, creating or adding to new "db" directory:
			cd "/home/kev/Desktop/kevcopy/WebDev/D6"
			cp -u -r -v "/media/AWESOME 2GB/D6/db" .

Break out of looping commands, e.g. call for "gedit&"):
	Use [CTRL] with "Z" or "C".

Browsing graphically as root:
	gksudo nautilus

Command line Terminal text editor, "pico filename".

Copy, "cp -i -p -r -u -v source dest" ("i"nteractive questioning", "p"reserve owner, "r"ecursive, "u"pdate only, "v"erbose, use "&" for file/folder names with spaces)

Delete, "rm ".

Directory - change, "cd ", always include space, double-quotes to start AND end long filenames.

Directory - changing back one directory:
	cd ..

Directory - renaming:
	mv 

Filesystem table, look at "/etc/fstab".

Find files including within sub-directories:
	From within GUI:
		run File Browser (Nautilus)
		choose directory
		click "Search" button
		type "whatever" (no asterisks needed) to find text string within filenames, or
		type "whatever" (no asterisks needed) to find text string within folder names, or
		type ".xml" to find all ".xml"s from chosen directory and sub-directories. NOTE: not "*.xml".
		When spinning dots have finished, search is done.
		To find out what directory a found file is in, right-click on it and select "Properties".
	From command line ("bash" shell):
		grep -or .xml

Find filesystems, look in "/dev" folder for files, not sub-folders, e.g. "hda1".

Find text within files:
	for count of occurrences and including sub-directories:
		grep -cr word *.xml
	for occurrences to show and no sub-directories:
		grep -o word *.xml

Help on a bash command within bash shell:
	Type "man chmod". To exit, type "q".

Login as root for GUI, DON'T.

Mount a hard drive partition ("hdb1") that uses FAT32 into an already-created folder called "kev":
	sudo mount -t vfat /dev/hdb1 kev

Mount ("mount"):
	 1. Go to "Applications" menu
	 2. Choose "System Tools" sub-menu
	 3. Choose "Terminal" (was called "Root Terminal") option.
	 4. Enter password "1234".
	 5. Should get bash shell prompt with "$".
	 6. Type "mkdir /kevdrive" only once, stays on HDD until deleted.
	 7. Type "mount -t vfat /dev/hdb1 /kevdrive".
	 8. Type "ls /kevdrive" to check directory.
	 9. Type "exit" to close Terminal.
	10. Browse filesystem with "File Browser" (within "System Tools" menu).

Mount NTFS, "mount -t ntfs /dev/hda5 /claire".

Owner change:
	"chown -v user1 claire"

Password - re-enable root password, sudo -f, then set password to be "1234".

Permissions of file/directory change:
	Use "chmod -r 7777 *.*" for full read,write,execute ("-r" means recursive (sub-directories).

Root directory:
	cd

Unmount ("umount):
	 1. Start a Terminal (steps 1-4 of "mount" process).
	 2. Type "umount -l /dev/hdb1".
	 3. Type "exit" to close Terminal.


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